Recovery underway but structurally insufficient. 2025 production of 2.16M lbs is the strongest since 2018, driven primarily by White Mesa Mill (UUUU) and Alta Mesa (EU). However, US requirements run ~40M lbs/yr — 2025 domestic production covers ~5% of the ~40M lbs/yr US requirement (2024 was ~1.7% at 677K lbs). Even a full ramp of all currently active ISR facilities reaches only ~4–5M lbs/yr. Meaningful self-sufficiency requires greenfield development (e.g. Pinon Ridge, Roca Honda, Dewey Burdock at scale) which is 5–8 years away.
US Annual Production — Historical Context (2015–2025)
Total US Uranium Production (M lbs U3O8) · EIA-851A
Peak cycle (2015–2018)
Trough (2019–2022)
Recovery (2023–2024)
2025
2024 = EIA-851A Annual (rel. Sep 30, 2025). 2025 = sum of Q1–Q4 from EIA-851Q Q4 2025 (rel. Mar 31, 2026) — EIA-851A 2025 annual not yet released; final figure may differ.
Annual Production by Facility (lbs U3O8)
⚠ Why are 2023 and 2024 facility rows marked "W"?
W = Withheld — not zero. The EIA suppresses individual facility production figures when disclosure would effectively identify a single company's output. This is standard EIA practice across all energy surveys. The values exist; EIA just doesn't publish them at the facility level when few reporters are active.
Can't we just add up the quarterly reports? No — not for 2023 or 2024. The EIA-851Q quarterly series in these files begins with Q4 2024 only. Earlier quarters (Q1–Q3 2024, and all of 2023) are not present in this dataset. Summing only Q4 2024 per facility would produce a misleadingly low annual figure (~375K lbs vs. the actual 677K lbs total).
2023 Facility Data
Not recoverable
No quarterly data exists for 2023 in EIA-851Q releases. Annual total: ~50K lbs (EIA-851A).
2024 Facility Data
Partial (Q4 only)
Q4 2024 facility data available (~375K lbs). Q1–Q3 2024 absent. Annual total: 677K lbs (EIA-851A).
2025 Facility Data
Fully available
All four quarters (Q1–Q4 2025) present in EIA-851Q. Facility totals shown below are the Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 sum.
Facility
Operator
Type
State
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
White Mesa Mill
Energy Fuels (UUUU)
Conv
Utah
—
61,000
—
W
1,014,558
Alta Mesa Project
enCore Energy (EU)
ISR
Texas
—
52,000
W
W
597,548
Lost Creek Project
ur-energy (URG)
ISR
Wyoming
21,000
61,000
W
W
410,439
Willow Creek / Christensen Ranch
Uranium One (U.S.)
ISR
Wyoming
—
—
—
—
95,033
Smith Ranch–Highland
Cameco (CCJ)
ISR
Wyoming
—
—
—
—
23,577
Ross CPP
Uranium One (U.S.)
ISR
Wyoming
—
—
—
3,000
13,708
Crowe Butte Operation
Uranium Energy (UEC)
ISR
Nebraska
—
—
—
6,000
5,981
Rosita ISR Project
enCore Energy (EU)
ISR
Texas
—
—
—
9,000
—
Nichols Ranch ISR
Uranium Energy (UEC)
ISR
Wyoming
—
—
—
1,000
—
US Total
21,000
194,000
50,000
677,000
2,160,844
2025 Production Breakdown
By Operator — 2025
Energy Fuels (UUUU)1,014K lbs
47%
enCore Energy (EU)598K lbs
28%
ur-energy (URG)410K lbs
19%
Uranium One (U.S.)109K lbs
5%
Cameco (CCJ)24K lbs
1%
Uranium Energy (UEC)6K lbs
<1%
By State — 2025
Utah (White Mesa)1,015K lbs
47%
Texas (Alta Mesa)598K lbs
28%
Wyoming (Lost Creek + ISR)543K lbs
25%
Nebraska (Crowe Butte)6K lbs
<1%
ISR share1,146K lbs
53%
Conventional share1,015K lbs
47%
Active Facility Profiles
White Mesa Mill
Energy Fuels (UUUU) · Blanding, Utah
MethodConventional mill
2025 Production1,014,558 lbs
2024 ProductionW (withheld, EIA-851A)
Capacity~8M lbs/yr (licensed)
Feed SourceCanyon Mine, alternate feed
ActiveConventional
Alta Mesa Project
enCore Energy (EU) · Brooks County, Texas
MethodIn-situ recovery
2025 Production597,548 lbs
2024 ProductionW (withheld, EIA-851A)
Capacity~1.5M lbs/yr
Restarted2022
ActiveISR
Lost Creek Project
ur-energy (URG) · Sweetwater County, Wyoming
MethodIn-situ recovery
2025 Production410,439 lbs
2024 ProductionW (withheld, EIA-851A)
Capacity~1.2M lbs/yr
StatusRamping; Lost Creek 1C
ActiveISR
Willow Creek / Christensen Ranch
Uranium One (U.S.) · Campbell County, Wyoming
MethodIn-situ recovery
2025 Production95,033 lbs
Prior yearsIdle 2017–2024
Restarted2025 (Uranium One)
Capacity~1.0M lbs/yr
ActiveISR
Smith Ranch–Highland
Cameco (CCJ) · Johnson County, Wyoming
MethodIn-situ recovery
2025 Production23,577 lbs
Prior yearsIdle 2017–2024
Peak capacity~5M lbs/yr (historic)
NoteCare & maintenance restart
ActiveISR
Ross CPP
Uranium One (U.S.) · Converse County, Wyoming
MethodIn-situ recovery
2025 Production13,708 lbs
2024 Production~3,000 lbs
TypeCentral processing plant
ActiveISR
Idle & Permitted — Near-Term Production Candidates
Facility
Operator
Type
State
Status
Capacity (M lbs/yr)
Last Active
Dewey Burdock
enCore Energy (EU)
ISR
South Dakota
Permitted / Ramping
~1.0
First production 2025/26
Nichols Ranch ISR
Uranium Energy (UEC)
ISR
Wyoming
Minimal / Care & Maint.
~2.0
2024 (287 lbs)
Rosita ISR
enCore Energy (EU)
ISR
Texas
Idle (toll processing)
~0.5
2024 (9,000 lbs)
Crowe Butte
Cameco (CCJ)
ISR
Nebraska
Minimal
~1.5
2025 (6,000 lbs)
Pinon Ridge
Energy Fuels (UUUU)
Conv
Colorado
Permitted, pre-dev
~1.0
Never produced
Roca Honda
Laramide Resources
Conv
New Mexico
Feasibility / permitting
~3.0
Never produced
ISR dominates near-term supply growth — conventional mill is the binding constraint. White Mesa Mill (licensed to ~8M lbs/yr) is the only operating conventional uranium mill in the US and processed ~1M lbs in 2025. Most ISR operations ship yellowcake to White Mesa for final processing. As Wyoming and Texas ISR operations ramp, White Mesa throughput becomes the gating factor on US production growth — not in-ground resources or wellfield permits.
Data source: EIA Form 851A (Annual Survey of Domestic Uranium Mining & Milling) and EIA Form 851Q (Quarterly Uranium Production Report). 2024 = EIA-851A Annual (rel. Sep 30, 2025) — final. 2025 = sum of Q1–Q4 facility data from EIA-851Q Q4 2025 report (rel. Mar 31, 2026) — the EIA-851A 2025 annual has not yet been released; the final figure may differ from the quarterly sum due to survey revisions, withheld-data disclosures, and late reporting. 851Q provides quarterly facility-level data within ~90 days of quarter close; 851A is published annually ~9 months after year-end with higher survey coverage. Historical figures (pre-2022) from published EIA-851A annual reports. Production in lbs U3O8 equivalent. "—" = no reportable production; "W" = withheld to avoid disclosing individual company data.